Research advances on anti-ulcerative colitis effect of natural compounds through pyroptosis
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摘要: 细胞焦亡是近年来发现的一种有别于细胞凋亡、铁死亡和自噬的新型程序性细胞死亡方式。细胞焦亡依赖于半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶，通过激活炎症小体切割GSDM关键蛋白，诱导促炎细胞因子IL-1β和IL-18成熟并释放到细胞外环境中，产生级联炎症反应。溃疡性结肠炎是一种慢性非特异性炎症性疾病，具有反复发作、缠绵难愈等特点。大量研究表明，细胞焦亡与溃疡性结肠炎的发生、发展关系密切。研究细胞焦亡在溃疡性结肠炎筛选标志物、诊断疾病、发掘治疗新靶点等方面至关重要。基于此，本文总结了细胞焦亡发生、发展的作用机制，归纳了天然化合物通过介导细胞焦亡通路抗溃疡性结肠炎的作用，以期为今后探索细胞焦亡的机制和天然化合物治疗溃疡性结肠炎提供新思路。Abstract: Pyroptosis is newly discovered type of programmed cell death that is different from apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy. Pyroptosis is mediated by caspase and commonly induced by the gasdermin(GSDM) family and is accompanied by the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent attacks and persistent healing. Numerous studies have shown that pyroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis. Studying pyroptosis is essential to ulcerative colitisin screening markers, diagnosing diseases, and discovering new therapeutic targets. Based on this, this article summarizes the mechanism of the occurrence and development of pyroptosis and generalizes the role of natural compounds in anti-ulcerative colitis by mediating the pyroptosis pathway, in order to provide new ideas for exploring the mechanism of pyroptosis and natural compounds in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in the future.
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Key words:
- pyroptosis /
- ulcerative colitis /
- natural compounds /
- research advances
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表 1 天然化合物通过细胞焦亡途径抗UC机制总结
类别 名称 来源 调节焦亡机制 参考文献 生物碱类 EVO 吴茱萸 抑制NLRP3、ASC和caspase-1表达，降低结肠组织中IL-1β分泌 [32] 青藤碱 青藤根 抑制NOD-、LRR-和NLRP3炎症小体的激活 [33] PAL 紫苏、黄连和延胡索等 抑制NLRP3炎症小体，通过Nrf2途径减轻氧化应激和炎症反应 [37-38] OPAL 黄藤素氧化代谢产物 激活Nrf2通路，显著抑制NLRP3炎症小体的激活 [39] 木脂素类 五味子甲素 五味子 降低IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α和IFN-γ的水平，降低NF-κB和NOS的表达 [41] 五味子乙素 五味子 激活依赖AMPK/NRF2信号转导的ROS诱导的线粒体损伤；抑制NLRP3炎症小体激活介导的IL-1β水平，抑制细胞焦亡 [42] 黄酮类 山姜素 姜科植物 下调TLR4、NF-κB和NLRP3炎症小体 [43] 忍冬苷 金银花 抑制NLRP3炎症小体的激活 [44] 木犀草素 金银花、紫苏等木犀草科植物 阻断IL-17A信号而有效地抑制NLRP3的表达 [45] 汉黄芩苷 黄芩 抑制txnip依赖的NF-κB通路及NLRP3炎症小体的形成和激活 [46] 刺芒柄花素 黄芪等刺芒柄花类 降低NLRP3通路蛋白(NLRP3、ASC、IL-1β)水平 [47] 萜类 MunronoidⅠ 地黄连 促进K48连接的泛素化和NLRP3降解，抑制NLRP3炎症小体的焦亡 [49] 雷公藤多苷 雷公藤 抑制NOxs活性和ROS的产生及NLRP3炎症小体、ASC和caspase-1的激活 [50-51] 人参皂苷Rg1 人参 通过上调NLRP12的表达，抑制IL-1β和TNF-α的释放 [52] 人参皂苷Rk3 人参 降低TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NLRP3、ASC及caspase-1的表达，阻断NLRP3炎症小体通路 [53] 青蒿烯 青蒿素衍生物 抑制mtROS产生，阻止NLRP3激活，抑制IL-1β的产生；阻断NLRC4和AIM2炎症小体介导的IL-1β分泌和IL-6的产生 [54] SM934 新型水溶性青蒿素类似物 通过NLRP3/NF-κB/MAPK信号轴抑制上皮细胞焦亡 [55] 多酚类 连翘提取物 连翘 通过Nrf-NLRP3通路介导细胞焦亡 [56] APE 苹果 抑制NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1、GSDM D、GSDM D-N和IL-1β的表达，降低IL-1β、IL-18表达 [57] WEL 墨旱莲等蟛蜞菊 抑制NLRP3的激活和caspase-1磷酸化，减少IL-1β的释放 [58] 姜黄素 姜黄 抑制NLRP3炎症小体激活和IL-1β产生 [59] BUR 姜黄素衍生物 促进NLRP3炎症小体失活，增强抗炎反应 [60] 酚酸类 SA 蔬果、谷物和油料作物以及葡萄酒和醋等 降低TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17α和干扰素-γ的表达，抑制NLRP3激活 [61] 中药提取物 茜草乙醇提取物 茜草 抑制NLRP3的形成，抑制IL-6/JAK2/STAT3的激活 [62] 槐耳水提取物 槐耳 抑制NLRP3激活诱导的IL-1β分泌和caspase-1裂解；通过自噬溶酶体途径促进NLRP3降解，降低NLRP3蛋白的表达 [63] 其他 海南萝芙木的果胶多糖提取物 海南萝芙木 调节NF-κB通路和IL-17，抑制caspase-1和IL-1β的表达 [64] 烟曲霉素C 烟曲霉 抑制TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-17A和mRNA表达；抑制NLRP3激活，降低caspase-1表达 [65] 嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌 益生菌 上调NLRP3、caspase-1和IL-1β的表达 [66] GPA肽 鱼皮明胶水解物 增强AMPK磷酸化，抑制ROS的产生，促进NLRP3蛋白降解，抑制NLRP3激活 [69] 产乳酸益生菌酿酒酵母 产乳酸益生菌酿酒酵母 抑制NLRP3及caspase-1通路的激活 [70] 
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