Abstract: [Objective]To investigate the clinical efficacy of primary biliary cirrhosis patients with vitamin D combined with alprostadil for the poor response to ursodeoxycholic acid.[Methods]A total of 157 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis patients admitted into infectious disease department of Huangshi Central Hospital from Jay.2010 to Sep.2015 were randomly divided into conventional-dose group with 77 cases were given 13-15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 ursodeoxycholic acidtreatment,large dosegroup with 80 cases were given 20-25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 ursodeoxycholic acidtreatment,the treatment course was 6 months.The primary biliary cirrhosis patients received ursodeoxycholic acid with poor response divided into vitamin D group and alprostadil group and combination group via the random number table,all patients were given 20-25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 ursodeoxycholic acidtreatment,27 cases in vitamin D group were given vitamin D 0.02 mg /d,while 27 cases in alprostadil group received 2 mlalprostadil+10 mlNS(QD,7 times/m),the combination group was treated with vitamin D+ alprostadil,dosage of above two groups.The treatment course last for 3 months.The changes of liver function and T lymphocyte subsets,IL-2 and TNF-αwere observed before and after treatment in three groups,and the treatment efficiency and adverse reaction were compared among the groups.[Results]The rate of poor response to ursodeoxycholic acid in conventional dose group and large dose group were respectively 58.4％(45/77)and 48.2％(39/81),with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).The total bilirubin(TBIL),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and glutamic acid transferase(GGT)of three groups were decreased after treatment,the combination group decreased much more than the other two group,vitamin D group decreased much more than alprostadil group,the differences were statistically significant(P< 0.05).After treatment,lymphocytes CD8⁺ of the 3 groups were increased,CD4⁺,CD4⁺/CD8⁺ IL-2 and TNF-αweredecreased than that before treatment,the CD4⁺,CD8⁺,CD4⁺/ CD8⁺,IL-2,TNF-alpha changes of combination groupwere better than the other two groups,vitamin D groupwere better than thealprostadilgroup,the differences were all statistical significance(P< 0.05).The total effective rate of combination group and vitamin D groupwerehigher than that in alprostadil group[95.2％(19/21),71.4％(15/21)VS(47.6％(10/21)],the differences were statistically significant(P< 0.05).[Conclusion]The use of vitamin D combined with alprostadil in the treatment of poor response to ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis patients can get good curative effect and improve the patients’ liver function and immune function.