Abstract: [Objective] To explore the expressions of P53 and Bcl-2 by immunohistochemical techniques in normal esophageal mucosa,Barrett esophagus,esophageal adenocarcinoma and to explore the clinical significance and relevance.[Methods] From January 2011 to June 2013 esophageal mucosa from Barrett's esophagus,esophageal aden ocarcinoma and normal tissues were collected in our hospital(30 cases in each group).According to atypical proliferous degree,Barrett's esophagus was divided into all atypical hyperplasia degree of dysplasia,mild dysplasia,moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia.The expression of Bcl-2 and p53 protein was detected by immunohistochemical method.[Results] Ninety patients inclueded 30 cases of normal esophageal mucosa,11 without atypical hyperplasia,9 of mild dysplasia,5 of moderate dysplasia,5 of severe atypical hyperplasia.In 30 cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma,the positive expression of Bcl-2 in each group was 3.3%,6.7%,9.1%,22.2%,40%,60%,70% respectively.BCL 2 expression intensity with Barrett's esophagus showed an increasing trend in accordance with the degree of proliferation with statistical difference among the groups.The positive expression of p53 protein was 6.7%,18.2%,33.3%,40%,80%,86.7%,with significant difference between these groups except that between severe atypical hyperplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma group(P<0.05).[Conclusion] With Barrett's esophagus dysplasia progressesion,Bcl-2 and P53 increased.P53,Bcl-2 overexpression had close correlation with the development of Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma.